{"id":1230,"date":"2022-12-15T19:26:44","date_gmt":"2022-12-15T19:26:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/?p=1230"},"modified":"2024-05-07T13:56:52","modified_gmt":"2024-05-07T13:56:52","slug":"mni-sota-macoce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/2022\/12\/15\/mni-sota-macoce\/","title":{"rendered":"BG: Mni Sota Macoce: Land of the Dakota, Gwen Westerman &amp; Bruce White"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-purple-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Wednesday, 14 December 2022<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/2022\/12\/15\/mni-sota-macoce\/#Chapter_1\" >Chapter 1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/2022\/12\/15\/mni-sota-macoce\/#Chapter_2_The_period_of_French_contact\" >Chapter 2: The period of French contact<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/2022\/12\/15\/mni-sota-macoce\/#Chapter_3_The_beginning_of_American_contact\" >Chapter 3: The beginning of American contact<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/2022\/12\/15\/mni-sota-macoce\/#Chapter_4_The_Treaties\" >Chapter 4: The Treaties<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/2022\/12\/15\/mni-sota-macoce\/#Chapter_5_The_uprising_exile_and_present_day%E2%80%A6\" >Chapter 5: The uprising, exile and present day&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chapter_1\"><\/span>Chapter 1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Question of what it means to \u2018possess\u2019 or \u2018own\u2019 land; and, corrrespondingly, incursion or settlement.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Land ownership described in terms of water \u2014 e.g., along rivers to lakes&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>misunderstanding of nomadic<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>References and allusions to war, enemies, defense, captives, and human sacrifice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chapter_2_The_period_of_French_contact\"><\/span>Chapter 2: The period of French contact<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This chapter is concerned with establishing that Dakota inhabited Minnesota and portions of neighboring regions since the arrival of the French in the mid-17th century.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It also argues based on place names, and great familiarity with the region, that Dakota have inhabited the area long before that.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1642-43. French Jesuites encounter Dakota; other missionaries follow<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>French establish trading posts and various French explorers claim everything they can for France.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dakota et al very interested in metal and munitions.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Relations between Dakota and Ojibwa appear peaceful.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1760. French lose war with the British and trading activity shifts to French and then Americans.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1760s \u2014 relations between Dakota and Ojibwe have deteriorated&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chapter_3_The_beginning_of_American_contact\"><\/span>Chapter 3: The beginning of American contact <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1815 \u2014 first American treaty with the Dakota.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1820: Taliaferro at Ft Snelling: daily journals; relationship &amp; daughter with Dakota woman.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1820\u2019s-30s. Peace treaties between Dakota and Ojibwe mediated by Taliaferro \u2014 1825 praeirie du churn. We<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Makes point that Dakota moved about land strategically and seasonally.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some Dakota try European-style farming, e.g. at cloudman villiage. The village was abandoned due to Dakota-ogibwe conflict.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Food: muskrat, maple sugar, blueberry, fish (bullhead), buffalo, wild rice, corn, goose, potatoes, cranberry, deer..<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Dakota ball games \u2014 among&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bands. Gambling. Hundreds of players. Half mile between goals. Ball BBC and racquet.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Summer villages.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chapter_4_The_Treaties\"><\/span>Chapter 4: The Treaties<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Doctrine of Discovery\u2026 dates back to papal justification for the crusades<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rules of sympathetic Construction of Indian Treaties\u2014 u s Supreme Court.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1805: Pike Treaty. Grant of land to US.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1825: Prairie du Chien treaty. Treaty establishing different tribal territories. But would also make it easier for future land acquisition.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1830: establishment of neutral zones to serve as hunting grounds and to be administered by the US.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1837: cessation of lands east of Mississippi.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1851: cessation of most lands and removal of Dakota to land along 140 miles on both sides of the Minnesota river.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1858: treaty altered to exclude north side of Minnesota river.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1862: delayed annuities lead to uprising, defeat, executions\/imprisonment, and exile.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1863: abrogation act transforms all money due Dakota into funds to be paid to settlers.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chapter_5_The_uprising_exile_and_present_day%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>Chapter 5: The uprising, exile and present day&#8230;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>August\/Sept 1862: Dakota uprising in response to insufficient food and unfulfilled promises.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1862: 38 Dakota executed at Ft Snelling. 230+ had their sentences commuted.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1700+ put in concentration camp over winter if 1862; ~300-400 died.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1863: 1310+ exiled to Crow Creek, Dakota territory and then scattered across several states.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1863: a few hundred Dakota remain in Minnesota. &nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some Dakota became educated and wrote down stories and histories.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mounds were not protected until the 1970s.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Controversy over cold water spring and pilot knob. Issue of \u2018compromised cultural areas. Written vs oral knowledge.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Views: 23<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wednesday, 14 December 2022 Chapter 1 Views: 23<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"federate","footnotes":""},"categories":[36,77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book-notes","category-history-and-social-analysis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1230"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3467,"href":"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1230\/revisions\/3467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tomeri.org\/notes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}